The proseminar is intended to arouse students' interest in the scientific study of language. The discussions at the classes will revolve around an idea that human language displays three major properties which make it special and specifically human: (i) it is structured, (ii) it is hierarchical, and (iii) it is recursive. These are the limitations imposed on language by the mind and our biology. This view will be confronted with an opposing one by which language grows essentially from experience and is stored in memory in the form of fixed patterns.